博川报道：联邦研究人员在今天的研究报告中指出,新的疫苗有可能防止或缓和流行的儿童腹泻轮状病毒引起的疾病,保护未接受疫苗接种的儿童和提高在儿童的首次感染年龄.
    在美国这种疾病是很少致命的,本调查结果正是基于在美国的的轮状病毒传播模式,这对于死亡率要高得多的其他国家治疗此疾病是一个很好的提示.
这项研究发表在7月17日的科学杂志上,是基于区域出生率和预测接种该模型所做的研究.当百分之八十或更多的儿童接种疫苗,每年的流行会更少的定期爆发,更多的未接种的疫苗儿童将得到保护.从2007-2008年的数据看,在美国第一次疫苗接种覆盖率达到可观的水平,从而也验证了模型的可靠性.
    “轮状病毒疫苗已迅速、大幅度减少住院和急诊室的胃肠炎”,美国儿童中心调查员Umesh D. Parashar 说,他是免疫和呼吸道疾病控制和预防中心的MPH. “这项研究不仅解释了美国轮状病毒疫苗接种计划的可行性,而且也是对发展中国家疫苗接种带来以拯救生命的很好的宣传,每年发展中国家有50多万儿童死于轮状病毒.本研究第一次显示轮状病毒流行取决于人口出生率,因为调查数据来自于没有被感染的婴儿.在美国,通常冬季疫情发生在出生率较高的西南,而出生率较低的东北往往疫情没有那么严重.

博川推荐原文检索：
【Abstract】
  Discovery of New Transmission Patterns May Help Prevent Rotavirus Epidemics 
  New Vaccines Shift the Course of Childhood Diarrhea-Causing Disease and Could Have Big Global Impact
  New vaccines have the potential to prevent or temper epidemics of the childhood diarrhea-causing disease rotavirus, protect the unvaccinated and raise the age at which the infection first appears in children, federal researchers reported in a study today.
  The findings were based on changing patterns of rotavirus transmission in the United States, where the disease is rarely fatal, and they have implications for combating epidemics in other countries where the death toll is much higher.
  The research, published in the July 17 issue of the journal Science, is based on mathematical modeling that takes into account regional birth rates and predicted vaccination levels and effectiveness.
The model suggests that when 80 percent or more of children in a given population are vaccinated, annual epidemics may occur on a less regular basis and more unvaccinated children will be protected. Data from 2007-2008, when vaccination first reached appreciable coverage levels in the United States, validate the model predictions.
  "Rotavirus vaccines have rapidly and dramatically reduced hospitalizations and emergency room visits for gastroenteritis in American children," said investigator, M.B.B.S., M.P.H., of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. "This research not only explains the effects of the U.S. rotavirus vaccination program, but also lays the foundation for understanding the tremendous life-saving benefits of vaccination in the developing world, where more than half a million children die from rotavirus each year."
  The study showed for the first time that the timing of rotavirus epidemics is dependent on the birth rate in the population because they are driven by infants who have never been infected before. In the United States, winter outbreaks would typically occur sooner in the higher birth rate states of the Southwest and later in the Northeast, where birth rates tend to be lower.
  原文链接"A key step for the future will be to identify the cellular pathways that are affected by these cyclic peptide原: http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jul2009/fic-16.htm
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