摘要:感染性的单链RNA病毒抗原会引起像感冒,肿瘤,艾滋病等一系列威胁人类健康的疾病.病毒的复制受到几个水平的调控,其中包括保守的RNA结构的调控.病毒RNA基因组的大多数潜在的调控元件并没有明显的特点.在这里,我们运用SHAPE技术（一种高通量RNA分析技术）得出了HIV-1全RNA基因组的结构.RNA除了与蛋白质的一级结构序列相关外,RNA的高级结构还和HIV蛋白的结构域形成有关.这些关联说明RNA的结构调节核糖体的延伸来促使蛋白折叠.当然该RNA的结构也包括核糖体结合翻译区,聚合酶识别区和环状结构.同时我们也确定了HIV病毒RNA的剪切位点和高突变区域.这些结果指出了HIV-1的基因组及其编码RNA很有可能被一些尚未被识别的调控结构阻断,也指出了RNA的结构在基因编码中发挥着重要作用.

Architecture and secondary structure of an entire HIV-1 RNA genome
  Single-stranded RNA viruses encompass broad classes of infectious agents and cause the common cold, cancer, AIDS and other serious health threats. Viral replication is regulated at many levels, including the use of conserved genomic RNA structures. Most potential regulatory elements in viral RNA genomes are uncharacterized. Here we report the structure of an entire HIV-1 genome at single nucleotide resolution using SHAPE, a high-throughput RNA analysis technology. The genome encodes protein structure at two levels. In addition to the correspondence between RNA and protein primary sequences, a correlation exists between high levels of RNA structure and sequences that encode inter-domain loops in HIV proteins. This correlation suggests that RNA structure modulates ribosome elongation to promote native protein folding. Some simple genome elements previously shown to be important, including the ribosomal gag-pol frameshift stem-loop, are components of larger RNA motifs. We also identify organizational principles for unstructured RNA regions, including splice site acceptors and hypervariable regions. These results emphasize that the HIV-1 genome and, potentially, many coding RNAs are punctuated by previously unrecognized regulatory motifs and that extensive RNA structure constitutes an important component of the genetic code.

 
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